Ford Mustang (1999-2004) Service Manual: Torque Converter (Description and Operation)

The torque converter transmits and multiplies torque. The torque converter is a four-element device:

• impeller assembly
• turbine assembly
• reactor assembly
• clutch and damper assembly

The standard torque converter components operate as follows:

• Rotation of the converter housing and impeller set the fluid in motion.
• The turbine reacts to the fluid motion from the impeller, transferring rotation to the geartrain through the input shaft.
• The reactor redirects fluid going back into the impeller, allowing for torque multiplication.
• The clutch and damper assembly dampens powertrain torsional vibration and provides a direct mechanical connection for improved efficiency.
• Power is transmitted from the torque converter to the planetary gearsets and other components through the input shaft.